Vagrant入门——简单配置及使用(Provisioning)

Alright, so we have a virtual machine running a basic copy of Ubuntu and we can edit files from our machine and have them synced into the virtual machine. Let's now serve those files using a webserver.

We could just SSH in and install a webserver and be on our way, but then every person who used Vagrant would have to do the same thing. Instead, Vagrant has built-in support for automated provisioning. Using this feature, Vagrant will automatically install software when you vagrant up so that the guest machine can be repeatably created and ready-to-use.

1.安装Apache

We'll just setup Apache for our basic project, and we'll do so using a shell script. Create the following shell script and save it as bootstrap.sh in the same directory as your Vagrantfile:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
apt-get update
apt-get install -y apache2
rm -rf /var/www
ln -fs /vagrant /var/www

Next, we configure Vagrant to run this shell script when setting up our machine. We do this by editing the Vagrantfile, which should now look like this:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "precise32"
config.vm.provision :shell, :path => "bootstrap.sh"
end

The "provision" line is new, and tells Vagrant to use the shell provisioner to setup the machine, with the bootstrap.sh file. The file path is relative to the location of the project root (where the Vagrantfile is).

2.使用apache

After everything is configured, just run vagrant up to create your machine and Vagrant will automatically provision it. You should see the output from the shell script appear in your terminal. If the guest machine is already running from a previous step, run vagrant reload, which will quickly restart your virtual machine, skipping the initial import step.

After Vagrant completes running, the web server will be up and running. You can't see the website from your own browser (yet), but you can verify that the provisioning works by loading a file from SSH within the machine:

$ vagrant ssh
...
vagrant@precise32:~$ wget -qO- 127.0.0.1

This works because in the shell script above we installed Apache and setup the default DocumentRoot of Apache to point to our /vagrant directory, which is the default synced folder setup by Vagrant.

You can play around some more by creating some more files and viewing them from the terminal, but in the next step we'll cover networking options so that you can use your own browser to access the guest machine.