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// BTree1.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点 //1.使用广义表构造二叉树 //2.程序默认数据为:a(b(c,d),e(,f)) //3.三种遍历使用非递归,求树的高度、查找节点使用递归 #include "stdafx.h" #include<iostream> #include<stack> using namespace std; #define ElemType char #define Status int #define OK 0 #define ERROR 1 #define MAX_LEN 100 typedef struct BTnode { ElemType date; BTnode *lchild,*rchild; }BTnode,*BTree; typedef enum{L,R} tagtype; typedef struct { BTree ptr; tagtype tag; }stacknode; Status creat(BTree &T,char *str);//根据str创建二叉树T Status visit(BTree e);//访问节点,打印date Status preorder(BTree T);//先序遍历,非递归 Status inorder(BTree T);//中序遍历,非递归 Status postorder(BTree T);//后序遍历,非递归 Status getTreeHeight(BTree T,int &H);//求树的高度,递归 Status findNode(BTree T,ElemType e,BTnode &bt);//求树中结点data值为e的节点,并返回此节点的引用 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { int i,height,flag; BTree T; BTnode bt; char *buffer,e; printf("想输入自己的数据请输入--1or采用默认数据请输入--2:"); cin>>flag; if(flag==1) { buffer=(char*)malloc(MAX_LEN*sizeof(char)); scanf("%s",buffer); } else if(flag==2) buffer="a(b(c,d),e(,f))"; T=NULL; creat(T,buffer);//创建树 //先序遍历 printf("先序遍历:"); preorder(T); //中序遍历 printf("\n中序遍历:"); inorder(T); //后序遍历 printf("\n后序遍历:"); postorder(T); //求树的高度 height=0; getTreeHeight(T,height); printf("\n此树的高度为:%d\n",height); //查找date值为e的节点并返回节点的引用 printf("请输入要查找的字符值:"); cin>>e; findNode(T,e,bt); if(bt.date==NULL) printf("未找到"); else printf("找到他了:%c",bt.date); printf("\n"); system("pause"); return 0; } Status creat(BTree &T,char *str)//初始T=NULL { char *ch; int flag=0; BTree p; stack<BTnode *> Stack; //实例化栈 p=NULL; ch=str; while((*ch)!='\0') { switch(*ch) { case'(': Stack.push(p); flag=1; break; case',': flag=2; break; case')': Stack.pop(); break; default://对字符的处理 p=(BTree)malloc(sizeof(BTnode)); p->date=*ch; p->lchild=p->rchild=NULL; if(T==NULL) T=p; else { if(flag==1) Stack.top()->lchild=p; if(flag==2) Stack.top()->rchild=p; } } ch++; } return OK; } Status visit(BTree e) { printf("%c",e->date); return OK; } Status preorder(BTree T) { BTree p; stack<BTnode *> Stack; p=T; Stack.push(NULL); while(p!=NULL) { visit(p);//访问节点 if(p->rchild!=NULL)//如果有右孩子,此右孩子节点进栈, Stack.push(p->rchild); if(p->lchild!=NULL)//向左移动 p=p->lchild; else//左孩子已访问过,p=根—>rchild { p=Stack.top(); Stack.pop(); } } return OK; } Status inorder(BTree T) { BTree p; p=NULL; stack<BTree> Stack;//实例化栈 Stack.push(T);//根节点进栈 while(!Stack.empty()) { while(Stack.top()!=NULL)//一路向左,至最左 Stack.push(Stack.top()->lchild); Stack.pop();//空指针弹出 if(!Stack.empty()) { p=Stack.top(); Stack.pop(); visit(p); Stack.push(p->rchild);//向右移动 } } return OK; } Status postorder(BTree T) { stack<stacknode> Stack; stacknode S; BTree p; p=T; do { while(p!=NULL)//一路向左,进栈,至最左 { S.ptr=p; S.tag=L; Stack.push(S); p=p->lchild; } while(!Stack.empty()&&Stack.top().tag==R) { S=Stack.top(); Stack.pop(); p=S.ptr; visit(p); //tag为R,表示右子树访问完毕,故访问根结点 } if(!Stack.empty())//向右移一个 { Stack.top().tag=R; p=Stack.top().ptr->rchild; } }while(!Stack.empty()); return OK; } Status getTreeHeight(BTree T,int &H) { //递归,分别计算左、右子树的高度,后比较较大者,+1 int lchildH,rchildH; lchildH=rchildH=0;//左右子树高度,初始化 if(T==NULL) H=0; else { getTreeHeight(T->lchild,lchildH);//计算左子树的高度 getTreeHeight(T->rchild,rchildH);//计算右子树的高度 if(lchildH>rchildH) H=lchildH+1; else H=rchildH+1; } return OK; } Status findNode(BTree T,ElemType e,BTnode &bt) { if(T==NULL)//当前BTree为空 { bt.date=NULL; return ERROR; } else if(T->date==e)//找到,当前节点符合 bt=*T; else { findNode(T->lchild,e,bt);//在左子树中寻找 if(bt.date==NULL) findNode(T->rchild,e,bt);//在右子树中寻找 } return OK; }